Showing posts with label electricity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label electricity. Show all posts

Monday, October 26, 2020

436 - Copper Concentrates Culture Current

Geobacter sulferreducens
By Mantapia11147,
CC BY-SA 4.0
This episode: Copper electrodes, rather than killing bacteria in microbial fuel cells, allow them to generate higher densities of electric current!

Download Episode (5.0 MB, 7.2 minutes)

Show notes:
Microbe of the episode: Xipapillomavirus 2


Takeaways
Copper is widely used as a way to make surfaces and materials antimicrobial, to cut down on the spread of pathogens in hospitals and other environments. Among other mechanisms, it reacts with oxygen to form reactive oxygen species that are very harsh on microbial proteins. But copper is also a good electrical conductor, which would be useful to use in microbial fuel cells, which exploit bacterial metabolism to generate electricity. Microbes form biofilms on an electrode and transfer electrons to it as a way for them to generate energy. Most such fuel cells have used graphite electrodes to avoid toxicity.

In this study, fuel cell bacteria grew well on a copper electrode in an oxygen-free environment. The copper actually allowed them to increase the amount of current they produced per unit of area, as ionic copper diffused through the biofilm and allowed electrons to flow through the biofilm to the electrode from layers farther from the electrode that otherwise would not have access. Even graphite electrodes could be improved by adding these copper ions to the biofilm directly.

Journal Paper:
Beuth L, Pfeiffer CP, Schröder U. 2020. Copper-bottomed: electrochemically active bacteria exploit conductive sulphide networks for enhanced electrogeneity. Energy Environ Sci 13:3102–3109.

Other interesting stories:

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Monday, August 31, 2020

431 - Conductive Cables Control Carbon

Cable bacteria around
plant roots
From Scholz et al. 2020
Nat Commun 11:1878

This episode: Cable bacteria around rice roots transport electrons and help prevent formation of methane!

Thanks to Vincent Scholz for his contribution!  
Download Episode (5.7 MB, 8.3 minutes)

Show notes:
Microbe of the episode: Vibrio alginolyticus

News item

Takeaways
Transforming other things into methane is a great way to make a living for some kinds of microbes. These tend to live under still water, like in rice fields or wetlands, or in the guts of cattle. And while this methane could be useful as natural gas if collected, it's a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide when released into the atmosphere.

In this study, cable bacteria were inoculated into rice pots in the lab. Cable bacteria transfer electrons from deeper down in the ground up to the surface to generate energy, and in the process generate sulfate. This sulfate allows other microbes to outcompete the methane producers, reducing the amount of methane produced from rice cultivation in the lab. This may be helpful to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice agriculture.

Journal Paper:
Scholz VV, Meckenstock RU, Nielsen LP, Risgaard-Petersen N. 2020. Cable bacteria reduce methane emissions from rice-vegetated soils. 1. Nat Commun 11:1878.

Other interesting stories:

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Monday, October 14, 2019

BacterioFiles 399 - Conductor Creating Carbon Canvases

Scanning probe microscope
image of graphene
By U.S. Army Material Command
CC BY 2.0
This episode: Bacteria can aide the production of the useful material graphene, using their ability to add electrons to external surfaces!

Download Episode (7.7 MB, 11.3 minutes)

Show notes:
Microbe of the episode: Brevibacterium frigoritolerans

News item

Takeaways
Advanced materials often take advanced techniques to create, but they offer numerous benefits: increased strength and flexibility, smaller size, more options. One such material is graphene, which is basically a sheet of carbon atoms linked together like chainmail. It is only a single atom thick but is amazingly strong, mostly transparent, and good at conducting heat and electricity.

The trick is, it's hard to make in large quantities cheaply and easily. Sheets of carbons can be obtained from blocks of graphite, but these sheets are graphene oxide, which lack the desirable properties of graphene. Chemical methods can be used to remove the oxidation, but they are harsh and difficult. Luckily, bacteria are great at microscopic remodeling. In this study, electron-transferring bacteria are able to reduce the graphene oxide to graphene with properties almost as good as are achieved by chemical reduction.

Journal Paper:
Lehner BAE, Janssen VAEC, Spiesz EM, Benz D, Brouns SJJ, Meyer AS, van der Zant HSJ. 2019. Creation of Conductive Graphene Materials by Bacterial Reduction Using Shewanella oneidensis. ChemistryOpen 8:888–895.

Other interesting stories:

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Monday, January 14, 2019

BacterioFiles 369 - Powering Purple Prokaryote Protonation

This episode: Purple phototrophic bacteria could use certain kinds of wastewater, along with electric current, to produce valuable products like hydrogen without much waste!

Thanks to Dr. Ioanna Vasiliadou for her contribution!

Download Episode (12.7 MB, 13.9 minutes)

Show notes:
Microbe of the episode: Streptomyces tendae

News item

Takeaways
Purple phototrophic bacteria can take light energy and use it to help power their metabolism. They're not dependent on it like plants, but can use light or other energy sources for their versatile metabolism.

This versatility makes them very interesting candidates for industrial biotechnology applications. These bacteria can take in various combinations of nutrients and produce a number of different valuable products, including protein-rich feed, bioplastics, and biofuels such as hydrogen gas.

Today's study shows they can also take up electrons directly to help make their biofuel production process even more environmentally sustainable.

Journal Paper:
Vasiliadou IA, Berná A, Manchon C, Melero JA, Martinez F, Esteve-Nuñez A, Puyol D. 2018. Biological and Bioelectrochemical Systems for Hydrogen Production and Carbon Fixation Using Purple Phototrophic Bacteria. Front Energy Res 6:107.

Other interesting stories:

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Monday, September 24, 2018

BacterioFiles 356 - Beams Boost Bolstered Bacteria

Nanomaterial-enhanced
tumor-targeting bacterium
From: Zheng et al. 2018,
Nat Commun 9:1680
This episode: Combining cells with light-absorbing nanomaterials can help tumor-targeting bacteria produce more anticancer compound!

Download Episode (10.4 MB, 11.4 minutes)

Show notes:
Microbe of the episode: Maruca vitrata nucleopolyhedrovirus

Here's a paper I found that actually shows carbon dot nanomaterials enhancing bacterial nitrogen fixation

Journal Paper:
Zheng D-W, Chen Y, Li Z-H, Xu L, Li C-X, Li B, Fan J-X, Cheng S-X, Zhang X-Z. 2018. Optically-controlled bacterial metabolite for cancer therapy. Nat Commun 9:1680.

Other interesting stories:

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Episode outline:

Monday, July 30, 2018

BacterioFiles 349 - Magnet Microbes Make Millivolts

Magnetotactic bacteria with
magnetosome chains visible
From: Edouard Alphandéry
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00005
This episode: Bacteria that contain tiny magnets can generate an electric current!

Download Episode (6.8 MB, 7.4 minutes)

Show notes:
Microbe of the episode: Mamastrovirus 2

Journal Paper:
Smit B.A., Van Zyl E., Joubert J.J., Meyer W., Prévéral S., Lefèvre C.T., Venter S.N. 2018. Magnetotactic bacteria used to generate electricity based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Lett Appl Microbiol 66:362–367.

Other interesting stories:

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Episode outline:

Monday, January 15, 2018

BacterioFiles 324 - Prokaryote Prefers Poorer Power

Green Dragon Spring, Yellowstone
Credit: National Park Service
This episode: Hot spring archaea prefer to use elements that give them less energy even when more energetic options are available!

Download Episode (8.1 MB, 8.8 minutes)

Show notes:
Microbe of the episode: Vitreoscilla beggiatoides

News item

Journal Paper:
Amenabar MJ, Shock EL, Roden EE, Peters JW, Boyd ES. 2017. Microbial substrate preference dictated by energy demand rather than supply. Nat Geosci 10:577–581.

Other interesting stories:
  • Developing good methods for using skin microbiome for forensics (paper)
  • Microbe discovered that consumes groundwater contaminant dioxane
  • Mucus-eating gut microbes can produce beneficial nutrients and vitamins (paper)
  • Making new beer and wine flavors with different yeast
  • Providing leaf microbiota to help endangered plants survive in wild

  • Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles@gmail.com. Thanks for listening!

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    Episode outline:

    Monday, October 9, 2017

    BacterioFiles 313 - Colonies Correct Chloride Corrosion

    Ancient Roman nails
    By Takkk - Own work,CC BY-SA 3.0
    This episode: Bacteria could help treat corrosion to preserve ancient iron artifacts!

    Thanks to Drs. Pilar Junier and Edith Joseph for their contributions!

    Download Episode (13.4 MB, 14.7 minutes)

    Show notes:
    Journal Paper:
    Comensoli L, Maillard J, Albini M, Sandoz F, Junier P, Joseph E. 2017. Use of Bacteria To Stabilize Archaeological Iron. Appl Environ Microbiol 83:e03478-16.

    Other interesting stories:
  • Archaeal communities on skin change with age
  • Using viruses to deliver useful stuff to the nervous system
  • Polymer-coating bacteria to improve their electricity-generating ability
  • 61% of yeast essential genes can be replaced by E. coli versions (paper)
  • Breast milk and skin are important sources of microbes for infants (paper)

  • Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles@gmail.com. Thanks for listening!

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    Episode outline:

    Monday, November 7, 2016

    BacterioFiles 275 - Building Bacterial Batteries

    This episode: Scientists build a battery out of microbes and electrodes that can store and release electricity repeatedly!
    Download Episode (7.5 MB, 8.1 minutes)

    Show notes:
    News item

    Interesting articles about anaerobic digesters
    Journal Paper:
    Molenaar SD, Mol AR, Sleutels THJA, ter Heijne A, Buisman CJN. 2016. Microbial Rechargeable Battery: Energy Storage and Recovery through Acetate. Environ Sci Technol Lett 3:144–149.

    Other interesting stories:
  • Viruses are transferred with fecal transplant, but only ones that attack bacteria (paper)
  • Communities of microbes on skin don't change much
  • Antibodies from mother in milk help babies tolerate good microbes
  • Bacteria could help control insects by killing males
  • More associations between childhood bacteria and asthma

  • Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles@gmail.com. Thanks for listening!

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    Monday, September 5, 2016

    BacterioFiles 266 - Solar Cyborg Cells Capture Carbon

    From: Jiang, B., Henstra, A.M., Paulo, P.L., Balk, M., Van Doesburg, W., and Stams, A.J.M. (2009) Atypical one-carbon metabolism of an acetogenic and hydrogenogenic Moorella thermoacetica strain. Archives of Microbiology 191: 123-131.
    Cells of Moorella thermoacetica
    forming spores in culture
    This episode: Adding exotic elements to convert spore-forming bacteria into light-capturing cyborgs that convert carbon dioxide into useful chemicals!
    Download Episode (9.7 MB, 10.5 minutes)

    Show notes:
    News item 1/News item 2

    Journal Paper:
    Sakimoto KK, Wong AB, Yang P. 2016. Self-photosensitization of nonphotosynthetic bacteria for solar-to-chemical production. Science 351:74–77.

    Other interesting stories:
  • Unusual archaeal virus sorta looks like Ebola (paper)
  • Understanding how probiotics could prevent cancer in mice (paper)
  • Giant viruses have immune system against virophages
  • Using evolution to help yeast produce more ethanol from biomass (paper)
  • Remnants of viruses in our DNA helps us fight off infections

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    Monday, October 5, 2015

    BacterioFiles 232 - Exploring Enzymes' Element Effects

    This episode: Bacteria can convert soluble uranium to an insoluble form, and distinguish between different isotopes!

    Download Episode (8.2 MB, 8.9 minutes)

    Show notes:
    News item/Journal Paper

    Other interesting stories:
  • Bacteria could help degrade environmental chemical contaminant (paper)
  • Phage could treat dental infections
  • Bacteria and grass together clean up soil
  • Mutant E. coli keeps getting longer without dividing
  • Algae could produce malaria vaccine

  • Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles@gmail.com. Thanks for listening!

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    This show features music from Mevio's podsafe Music Alley.

    Monday, July 27, 2015

    BacterioFiles 222 - Cells Store Solar Sparks

    The setup. Torella et al. 2015
    This episode: Bacteria engineered to produce liquid fuel can eat carbon dioxide and hydrogen from solar-powered water-splitting!

    Download Episode (11.2 MB, 12.25 minutes)

    Show notes:
    Journal Paper

    Other interesting stories:
  • Some bugs need their vitamin-producing microbes, but kill them to harvest the vitamins
  • How specific gut microbes influence immune system (paper)
  • Bacteria used to produce various food ingredients
  • Bacteria could produce polyester beads that bind specific proteins (paper)
  • Rainforest bacteria could help plants grow better in poorer soil (paper)

  • Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles@gmail.com. Thanks for listening!

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    This show features music from Mevio's podsafe Music Alley.

    Monday, May 11, 2015

    BacterioFiles 214 - Cable-Chlorophyte Coop Conducts Current

    Cable bacteria
    Malkin and Meysman, 2015
    This episode: Cable bacteria and algae set up electric grid in sediments!

    Download Episode (6 MB, 6.5 minutes)

    Show notes:
    Journal Paper

    Other interesting stories:
  • Daily rhythms are important for gut microbes and their hosts
  • Wild yeasts are very diverse in the smells they produce (paper)
  • Gut microbiome may be involved in alcoholism (paper)
  • Tiny tiny viruses can have very big effect on ocean carbon
  • Mouse lupus correlates with certain gut bacteria

  • Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles@gmail.com. Thanks for listening!

    Subscribe at iTunes, check out the show at TwitterMicrobeWorld, or Facebook

    This show features music from Mevio's podsafe Music Alley.